(Gawo la Kovar kupita ku AluminaPangani ndiWintrustek)
I. Chidule cha Kovar
Kovar ndi aloyi yachitsulo-nickel-cobalt-based expansion alloy yomwe gawo lake lalikulu ndilakuti kuchuluka kwake kwamafuta kumafanana ndi magalasi olimba ndi zoumba (monga aluminiyamu) pakutentha kwina. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chofunikira chosindikizira pamapaketi amagetsi, ndege, ma lasers, ndi mafakitale ena. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosindikizira za hermetic ndi galasi kapena zitsulo.
Mawu akuti "4J" aloyi mwatsatanetsatane pansi pa mulingo wa dziko la China (GB) amayimira ma alloys okhala ndi mawonekedwe okulitsa "kuyandikira" (J) mtengo wake.
II. Kusanthula Mwatsatanetsatane Makalasi Atatu a Kovar
Zofanana: Onse atatu adakhazikitsidwa pa Fe-Ni-Co ndipo ali ndi zinthu zakukulitsa zofanana ndi magalasi olimba ndi zoumba. Mapiritsi okulitsa kutentha, kutentha kwa Curie, ndi mawonekedwe amakina amasiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha pang'ono kwa kalembedwe.
1. 4J29 (the most classic and widely used Kovar)
Mapangidwe Odziwika:Fe-29Ni-17Co, yokhala ndi zowonjezera zazing'ono za zinthu zowononga ngati manganese ndi silicon.
Makhalidwe Okulitsa: Avereji ya mzere wokulirapo wofanana kwambiri ndi galasi la DM-308 molybdenum-group ndi 92-96% zoumba za alumina pamlingo wa 20-450°C.
Zofunika Kwambiri:
Kutentha kwa Curie: Pafupifupi 430 ° C (kutaya mphamvu ya ferromagnetic pamwamba pa kutentha kumeneku).
Zida Zofananira: Zoumba zapamwamba za aluminiyamu, magalasi amagulu a molybdenum.
Chithandizo cha Pamwamba: Nthawi zambiri pamafunika faifi tambala kapena golide plating kuti kukulitsa kulimba ndi kukana dzimbiri.
Ma Applications Ofunika Kwambiri: Machubu a Microwave, ma lasers, integrated circuit housings, ma relay odalirika kwambiri, zolumikizira zotsekedwa mumlengalenga.
2. 4J33 ndi 4J34 (Kovar Yowonjezera)
Ma alloy awa ndi mitundu yopangidwa kuti ithetse zolakwika za 4J29 (monga ma coefficients okwera otsika kutentha), okhala ndi kutentha kwa Curie.
Kusiyana Kwakapangidwe:
4J33: Fe-33Ni-14Co (reduced cobalt, increased nickel).
4J34: Fe-31Ni-15Co (composition intermediate between the two).
Makhalidwe Okulitsa:Kutentha kwapakati kufika pafupifupi 300 ° C, kuchuluka kwa kukulitsa kumakhala kotsika pang'ono kuposa 4J29, kumapereka kugwirizanitsa bwino ndi magalasi apadera kapena zoumba.
Ubwino Waikulu—Kutentha Kwambiri kwa Curie:
4J29: ~430°C
4J33: ~500°C
4J34: ~480°C
Kufunika:Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa Curie kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhalebe zopanda maginito pa kutentha kwapamwamba, kuteteza kusokoneza maginito ndi maulendo apamwamba, zida zolondola kwambiri.
Kusankha kwa Mapulogalamu: Ndikoyenera kumadera otentha kwambiri kapena kutengera maginito, kapena zosankhidwa potengera kuyesa kofananira ndi ma curve ndi zida zosindikizira.
III. Ubwino Wambiri wa Brazing Kovar wokhala ndi Alumina Ceramics
Kusindikiza kolimba kwa gasi kwa Kovar ndi zoumba za aluminiyamu kudzera pa brazing ndiukadaulo wofunikira pamapaketi amakono amagetsi, omwe ali ndi zabwino zotsatirazi:
1. Kufananiza Kwapadera Kowonjezera Kutentha Kwambiri (Ubwino Wofunika)
Kuziziritsa kuchokera pakuwotcha mpaka kutentha kwachipinda, kutsika komweko kwa zida zonse ziwiri kumachepetsa kwambiri kupsinjika kwamafuta otsalira pamgwirizano. Izi zimathetsa bwino kusweka kwa ceramic ndi brazing seam fractures, zomwe zimapangitsa kudalirika kwakukulu.
2. Kupeza Kulimba Kwambiri kwa Gasi
Kuchulukira kwa helium m'machitidwe okhwima nthawi zambiri kumagwera pansi pa 1 × 10⁻⁸ Pa·m³/s pazigawo zomata, kudzipatula bwino kunja kwa chinyezi ndi mpweya. Izi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zodalirika pazamlengalenga, zankhondo, ndi ntchito zina zofunidwa kwambiri.
3. Kulimba Kwamakina Kwapamwamba ndi Kukhulupirika Kwamapangidwe
Kovar provides thandizo lamphamvu lamakina ndi kulimba, pomwe zoumba za alumina zimapereka kutchinjiriza kwabwino komanso kuuma. Kuwotcha zinthu izi kumapangitsa kukhala kolimba kophatikizana kokhala ndi zoteteza komanso magwiridwe antchito.
4. Njira Zakukhwima ndi Kudalirika Kwambiri
Unyolo wokhazikika wapangidwa, womwe umaphatikizapo zitsulo za ceramic (njira ya molybdenum-manganese), kupaka faifi tambala, kuphatikiza ndi zigawo za Kovar, ndi vacuum / zoteteza chilengedwe. Njirayi imalamuliridwa kwambiri, yoyenera kupanga zambiri, ndipo imapanga zokolola zambiri ndi khalidwe lokhazikika.
IV. Kufananitsa Mwachidule ndi Zosankha Zosankha
Makhalidwe | 4J29 | 4J33 | 4J34 | Ubwino waukulu wa brazing ndi aluminiyamu ceramic |
Zofunika Kwambiri | Zachikale komanso zosunthika, zomwe zimapereka chiwongolero chabwino kwambiri cha magwiridwe antchito | Malo okwera a Curie, kukulitsa kotsika pang'ono kutentha | Kusinthana kwa Magwiridwe | 1. Kufananiza kokulirapo kolondola kwa kutentha |
Mulingo woyenera Kufananitsa | 92-96% Al2O3 ceramics | Galasi yeniyeni/ceramic, yosayenera maginito | Galasi yeniyeni/ceramic | 2. Kupsinjika kotsalira kotsika kwambiri |
Curie kutentha | ~430°C | ~500°C | ~480°C | 3. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino |
Zosankha Zosankha | Chisankho chomwe chimakonda kusindikiza ma ceramics odziwika bwino a alumina | Kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito, kukhudzidwa ndi maginito, zofunikira zofananira zapadera | Zofunikira zenizeni zowonjezera kutentha | 4. Kupambana kwamakina mphamvu ndi kudalirika |
Okhwima kupanga ndondomeko | Wapamwamba kwambiri | Wapamwamba | Wapamwamba | 5. Ndondomeko yokhazikika yokhazikika |
Ⅴ. Mapeto
Mkati mwa banja la Kovar, 4J29 ndiye chinthu chokhazikika komanso chovomerezeka chopangira zida za aluminiyamu zapamwamba, zomwe zimapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino, mtengo, komanso kudalirika. 4J33/34 ndikusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito azinthu zina zomwe zimafuna kutentha kwambiri kwapang'onopang'ono kapena mawonekedwe olimba a nonmagnetic.Kuwotcha kwa Kovar ndi zoumba za alumina, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi mafananidwe awo owonjezera kutentha, yakhala muyeso wamakampani opanga ma hermetic azinthu zodalirika kwambiri zamagetsi ndi optoelectronic.
