(Kovar ilaa qaybta aluminiumWaxaa soo saarayWintrustek)

I. Dulmarka Kovar

Kovar waa daawaha fidinta birta-nickel-cobalt-ku-saleysan kaas oo sifadiisa ugu weyni ay tahay in iskudarkeeda balaadhinta kulaylka ay la mid tahay muraayadaha adag qaarkood (sida alumina) ilaa heerkul gaar ah. Habkani waxa uu ka dhigayaa shay lagama maarmaanka u ah baakadaha elektiroonigga ah, hawada hawada, laysarka, iyo warshadaha kale. Caadi ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo qaybo bir ah oo lagu xidho hermetic oo leh dhalo ama dhoobo.

Magacaabista "4J" ee daawaynta saxda ah ee hoos timaada heerka qaran ee Shiinaha (GB) waxay ka dhigan tahay alloys oo leh astaamo ballaarin "ku dhawaaday" (J) qiimo gaar ah.

II. Falanqaynta Faahfaahinta ee Saddexda Kovar ee Fasalada

Midnimada: Dhammaan saddexda waxay ku saleysan yihiin Fe-Ni-Co waxayna leeyihiin sifooyin ballaarinta oo la mid ah dhalooyinka adag iyo dhoobada. Qalooca fidinta kulaylka, heerkulka Curie, iyo sifooyinka farsamaysan aad ayay u kala duwan yihiin natiijada ka dhalan karta isbeddelada halabuurka ah.

1. 4J29 (the most classic and widely used Kovar)

Halabuurka caadiga ah:Fe-29Ni-17Co, oo ay ku jiraan waxyaabo yaryar oo deoxidizing ah sida manganese iyo silikoon.

Tilmaamaha Fidinta: Isku dhafka fidinta tooska ah ee celceliska ah ayaa si aad ah ugu habboon DM-308 molybdenum-koox galaas iyo 92-96% ceramics alumina oo dhan 20-450°C.

Halbeegyada Furaha

• Heerkulka Curie: Qiyaastii 430°C (wuxuu lumiyaa sifooyinka ferromagnetic ee ka sarreeya heerkulkan).

• Qalab isku mid ah: dhoobada aluminium-sare, muraayadaha kooxda molybdenum.

• Daaweynta Dusha sare: Caadiyan waxay u baahan tahay dahaadh nikkel ama dahab ah si kor loogu qaado caabbinta iyo iska caabinta daxalka.

• Codsiyada aasaasiga ah:  tuubooyinka mikrowave, leysarka, guryaha wareegga isku dhafan, gudbinta kalsoonida sare leh, xirxirayaasha hawada hawada.

2. 4J33 iyo 4J34 (Kovar la hagaajiyay)

Alloys-yadani waa kala duwanaansho loo sameeyay si ay wax uga qabtaan cilladaha 4J29 (sida koffifisfyada heerkulka hooseeyo oo sarreeya), oo muujinaya heerkulka Curie sare.

Kala duwanaanshaha curinta:

• 4J33: Fe-33Ni-14Co (reduced cobalt, increased nickel).

• 4J34: Fe-31Ni-15Co (composition intermediate between the two).

Tilmaamaha Fidinta:Heerkulka qolka ilaa 300°C, isbarbardhigga balaadhinta wax yar ayuu ka hooseeyaa 4J29, taasoo bixisa ku habboonaanta muraayadaha khaaska ah ama dhoobada qaarkood.

Faa'iidada Muhiimka ah - Heerkulka Curie Sare:

• 4J29: ~430°C

• 4J33: ~500°C

• 4J34: ~480°C

Muhiimadda:Heerkul sare oo Curie ah ayaa hubiya in walaxda ay ahaanayso mid aan magnet-ka ahayn heerkulka shaqada ee sarreeya, ka hortagga faragelinta birlabeedka ee soo noqnoqoshada sare, qalabka saxda ah.

Xulashada Codsiga: Ku habboon jawi heerkulkiisu sarreeyo ama codsiyada magnet ahaan xasaasiga ah, ama la doortay iyadoo lagu salaynayo imtixaannada isbarbardhigga qalooca balaarin ee leh alaab gaar ah.

III. Faa'iidooyinka Muhiimka ah ee Brazing Kovar oo leh Ceramics Alumina

Xiritaanka hermetic-gas-ku-dhuuban ee Kovar iyo ceramics alumina iyada oo la adeegsanayo brazing waa tignoolajiyada muhiimka ah ee baakadaha elektiroonigga ah ee casriga ah, oo leh faa'iidooyinka aasaasiga ah ee soo socda:

1. Isku-habaynta Balaadhinta Kulaylka Gaarka ah (Faa'iidada Asaasiga ah)

Marka la qaboojiyo laga bilaabo naxaas ilaa heerkulka qolka, isla heerarka foosha ee labada shay ayaa si weyn u yareynaya cadaadiska kulaylka ee ka jira wadajirka. Tani waxay si guul leh u baabi'inaysaa dildilaaca dhoobada iyo dillaaca tolitaanka, taasoo keentay in la isku halleyn karo ugu badnaan.

2

Heliyada daadinta Helium ee nidaamyada qaan-gaadhka ah waxay inta badan hoos ugu dhacaan 1×10⁻ Pa·m³/s qaybaha xidhan, taasoo si wax ku ool ah u go'doomisa qoyaanka dibadda iyo ogsijiinta. Tani waxay buuxinaysaa shuruudaha ku-tiirsanaanta ba'an ee hawada, militariga, iyo codsiyada kale ee baahida sare leh.

3. Awoodda Makaanikada Sare iyo Sharafta Dhismaha

Kovar provides taageero farsamo xoog leh iyo adkaanshaha, halka ceramics alumina ay bixiyaan dahaarka iyo engegnaanta aad u fiican. Isku-duubnida walxahan waxay keenaysaa qaab-dhismeed isku-dhafan oo adag oo leh sifooyin ilaalin iyo kuwo shaqaynaya labadaba.

4. Geedi socodka qaan-gaarka ah iyo isku halaynta sare

Silsilad nidaamsan oo joogto ah ayaa la dhisay, oo ay ku jirto bir-samaynta dhoobada (farsamada molybdenum-manganese), dahaadhaynta nikkel, isu-ururinta qaybaha Kovar, iyo faakuum/ka-hortagga deegaanka brazing. Nidaamku waa mid si heer sare ah loo xakameyn karo, oo ku habboon wax soo saarka ballaaran, wuxuuna soo saaraa wax-soo-saar sare oo leh tayo joogto ah.

IV. Isbarbardhigga Kooban iyo Talooyinka Xulashada

Ⅴ Gabagabo

Qoyska Kovar dhexdiisa, 4J29 waa heerka iyo walxaha lagu taliyey ee lagu dhejiyo dhoobada aluminium-sare, siinta dheelitirka wanaagsan ee waxqabadka, kharashka, iyo kalsoonida. 4J33/34 waa hagaajinta wax qabad ee codsiyada gaarka ah ee u baahan heerkul sare oo shaqeynaya ama sifooyin adag oo aan magnet ahayn.Qurxinta Kovar oo leh ceramics aluminium ah, kaas oo ay taageerayaan isbarbardhigga ballaadhintooda kulaylka, ayaa noqday heerka warshadaha ee baakadaha hermetic ee qaybaha elektiroonigga ah ee la isku halleyn karo iyo kuwa optoelectronic.