Okubalulekile kwe-ceramic refractory esezingeni eliphezulu engu-3YSZ, noma esingakubiza ngokuthi i-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP), yenziwe nge-zirconium oxide ezinziswe ngo-3% mol yttrium oxide.

Lawa mabanga e-zirconia anezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu kanye nobunzima obukhulu kakhulu ekamelweni lokushisa njengoba cishe wonke ane-tetragonal. Futhi usayizi wayo omncane (sub-micron) wokusanhlamvu wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzuza ukuqedwa okuvelele nokugcina umphetho obukhali.

I-Zirconia ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengesizinzisi esine-MgO, i-CaO, noma i-Yttria ukukhuthaza ukuqina kwenguquko. Esikhundleni sokukhishwa kokuqala okukhiqiza ukwakheka kwekristalu ye-tetragonal ngokuphelele, lokhu kudala ukwakheka kwekristalu okuyingxenye eyicubic ekwazi ukumetastable lapho kupholiswa. I-Tetragonal precipitate ihlangabezana noshintsho lwesigaba esibangelwa ingcindezi eduze nethiphu ethuthukayo yokuqhekeka phezu komthelela. Le nqubo ibangela ukuthi ukwakheka kwande kuyilapho kudonsa inani elibalulekile lamandla, okuyimbangela yokuqina okumangalisayo kwale nto. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu aphinde abangele inani elibalulekile lokuguqulwa, okunomthelela omubi emandleni futhi kubangele ukunwetshwa kobukhulu obungu-3-7%. Ngokungeza imiksi eshiwo ngenhla, inani le-tetragonal lingaphathwa ukuze lilinganise phakathi kokuqina nokuncipha kwamandla.

Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, i-tetragonal zirconia ezinzile ngo-3 mol% Y2O3 (Y-TZP) ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu mayelana nokuqina, amandla okugoba. Iphinde ibonise izakhiwo ezifana ne-ionic conductivity, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal okuphansi, ukuqina ngemva kokuguqulwa, kanye nemiphumela yenkumbulo yokuma. I-Tetragonal zirconia yenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha izingxenye ze-ceramic ezinokumelana nokugqwala okuvelele, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, nokuqedwa okuhle kakhulu kwendawo.

Lezi zinhlobo zezici ziyenza ikwazi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezifana nesizinda se-biomedical yokufakelwa inqulu nokwakhiwa kabusha kwamazinyo, futhi emkhakheni we-nuclear njengongqimba oluvimbela ukushisa ekuhlanganisweni kwenduku kaphethiloli.