Ubushushu obuphezulu berefractory imathiriyeli yeceramic 3YSZ, okanye into esinokuyibiza nge-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP), yenziwe nge-zirconium oxide eye yazinziswa nge-3% mol yttrium oxide.

La mabanga e-zirconia anezona nkozo zincinci kunye nobunzima obukhulu kakhulu kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kuba phantse zonke ziyi-tetragonal. Kwaye ubungakanani bayo obuziinkozo obuncinane (sub-micron) bubangela ukuba kube lula ukufikelela umphezulu ogqwesileyo kunye nokugcina umngcipheko obukhali.

I-Zirconia isetyenziswa rhoqo njenge-stabilizer kunye ne-MgO, i-CaO, okanye i-Yttria ukukhuthaza i-transition toughening. Endaweni yokukhutshwa kokuqala kuvelisa ubume bekristale betetragonal ngokupheleleyo, oku kudala isakhiwo sekristale esinetyhubhiki esinometastable xa sipholisa. I-Tetragonal precipitates ifumana utshintsho lwesigaba esibangelwa luxinzelelo kufutshane nengcebiso yokuqhekeka eqhubela phambili phezu kwempembelelo. Le nkqubo ibangela ukuba ulwakhiwo lwandiswe ngelixa lufunxa umthamo omkhulu wamandla, obangela ubunzima obumangalisayo bale nto. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu abangela uhlengahlengiso olukhulu, olunefuthe elibi kumandla kwaye lubangele ukwanda komyinge we-3-7%. Ngokudibanisa imixube ekhankanywe ngasentla, isixa se-tetragonal sinokulawulwa ukubetha ibhalansi phakathi kokuqina kunye nokulahleka kwamandla.

Kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa, i-tetragonal zirconia iqiniswe kunye ne-3 mol% Y2O3 (Y-TZP) ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokumalunga nokuqina, ukugoba amandla. Ikwabonisa iipropathi ezifana ne-ionic conductivity, i-thermal conductivity ephantsi, ukuqina emva kwenguqu, kunye neziphumo zememori. I-Tetragonal zirconia yenza kube lula ukwenza izinto ze-ceramic ezinokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ogqwesileyo.

Ezi ntlobo zeempawu zivumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezifana nentsimi ye-biomedical yokufakelwa kwe-hip kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwamazinyo, kunye nakwintsimi yenyukliya njengomaleko wesithintelo se-thermal kwiintonga zamafutha.